{"id":550,"date":"2020-05-13T11:07:58","date_gmt":"2020-05-13T09:07:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/?page_id=550"},"modified":"2026-06-02T10:47:35","modified_gmt":"2026-06-02T08:47:35","slug":"connection-and-working-environment","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/?page_id=550&lang=en","title":{"rendered":"Connection and working environment"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_11 counter-hierarchy counter-decimal ez-toc-grey\">\n<nav><ul class=\"ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1\"><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/?page_id=550&amp;lang=en#How_to_connect_to_Azzurra\" title=\"How to connect to Azzurra\">How to connect to Azzurra<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-4\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/?page_id=550&amp;lang=en#From_your_office_at_the_university,_on_the_wired_network\" title=\"From your office at the university, on the wired network\">From your office at the university, on the wired network<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/?page_id=550&amp;lang=en#VPN\" title=\"VPN\">VPN<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/?page_id=550&amp;lang=en#From_another_server\" title=\"From another server\">From another server<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/?page_id=550&amp;lang=en#Via_an_SSH_Bastion\" title=\"Via an SSH Bastion\">Via an SSH Bastion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/?page_id=550&amp;lang=en#Your_working_environment\" title=\"Your working environment\">Your working environment<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/?page_id=550&amp;lang=en#Transfer_files_between_Azzurra_and_your_computer_or_a_server\" title=\"Transfer files between Azzurra and your computer or a server\">Transfer files between Azzurra and your computer or a server<\/a><ul class=\"ez-toc-list-level-4\"><li class=\"ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/?page_id=550&amp;lang=en#Using_FileZilla\" title=\"Using FileZilla\">Using FileZilla<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/?page_id=550&amp;lang=en#Using_rsync\" title=\"Using rsync\">Using rsync<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-4\"><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/?page_id=550&amp;lang=en#Via_a_bastion_host\" title=\"Via a bastion host\">Via a bastion host<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_to_connect_to_Azzurra\"><\/span>How to connect to Azzurra<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Your credentials are sent to you by e-mail. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>From February 2023, password authentication is disabled. Only SSH keys are allowed.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color\"><a href=\"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/?page_id=1675&amp;lang=en\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"1675\"><strong>CLICK HERE FOR ANY QUESTION ABOUT SSH KEYS <\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can connect from your office (provided that you send us your institutional IP address) or remotely via a VPN whose name is given in the e-mail including your credentials. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"From_your_office_at_the_university,_on_the_wired_network\"><\/span>From your office at the university, on the wired network<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>To connect, you must have an ssh client on your machine:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>For Windows, you can use <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"PuTTY  (s\u2019ouvre dans un nouvel onglet)\" href=\"http:\/\/www.chiark.greenend.org.uk\/~sgtatham\/putty\/download.html\" target=\"_blank\">PuTTY<\/a> and enter <strong>login-hpc.univ-cotedazur.fr<\/strong> as hostname and port: 22 (SSH). Then, enter your Azzurra credentials in the new terminal.<\/li><li>For Linux and Unix-like (MacOS), you can use the native client provided with the OS and use the following command: <strong>ssh user_name@login-hpc.univ-cotedazur.fr<\/strong> (replace by the appropriate value, received by e-mail) <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"VPN\"><\/span>VPN<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>To connect to Azzurra via VPN, you must use the Cisco Secure Client, that you can download on <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/open.unice.fr\/download\" target=\"_blank\">this link<\/a>. Your VPN credentials are your UniCA username followed by <strong>@hpc<\/strong> and your UniCA password. Example: john@hpc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To connect to the VPN, enter in the Cisco Secure Client: <strong>open.unice.fr<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"517\" height=\"251\" src=\"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/vpn1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-987\" srcset=\"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/vpn1.png 517w, https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/vpn1-300x146.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 517px) 100vw, 517px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Then, in the \u00ab&nbsp;Username&nbsp;\u00bb field, type in your unice username followed by <strong>@hpc<\/strong> and in the Password field, type in your unice password:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"427\" height=\"280\" src=\"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/vpn2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-984\" srcset=\"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/vpn2.png 427w, https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/vpn2-300x197.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 427px) 100vw, 427px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Important<\/strong>: use your UniCA credentials in order to connect to the VPN, not your Azzurra credentials. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once the VPN connection is established, open a terminal (if you use Linux or Mac) and enter:  <strong>ssh my_azzurra_login@login-hpc.univ-cotedazur.fr<\/strong> (replace by the appropriate value, received by e-mail).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you&rsquo;re under Windows, you can use <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"PuTTY  (s\u2019ouvre dans un nouvel onglet)\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chiark.greenend.org.uk\/~sgtatham\/putty\/latest.html\" target=\"_blank\">PuTTY<\/a> and enter as hostname, the machine name you received by e-mail and port: 22 (SSH).  Then, enter your Azzurra credentials in the new terminal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"From_another_server\"><\/span>From another server<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Connecting to Azzurra is possible from some Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur servers (<a href=\"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/?page_id=17\" data-type=\"page\" data-id=\"17\">upon request<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you are working on a server and want to connect to Azzurra from it, you must use <strong>SSH agent forwarding<\/strong>. This means adding the <code>-A<\/code> option when connecting to the first server. Example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse\">ssh -A username@my-server.univ-cotedazur.fr<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Windows users can use <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.chiark.greenend.org.uk\/~sgtatham\/putty\/latest.html\" target=\"_blank\">PuTTY<\/a> and click SSH &gt; Auth &gt; Allow agent forwarding then save and open the session.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Via_an_SSH_Bastion\"><\/span>Via an SSH Bastion<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Connection to Azzurra is possible through specific SSH bastions (<a href=\"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/?page_id=17\">upon request<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An SSH bastion is a secure server that acts as an entry point to access other machines on a private network from the outside via a jump host. Example:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse\">ssh -J bastionxx.unice.fr username@login-hpc.univ-cotedazur.fr<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Your_working_environment\"><\/span>Your working environment<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The cluster is currently running on Rocky 9.5. The essential Linux commands can been seen <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"by clicking here (s\u2019ouvre dans un nouvel onglet)\" href=\"https:\/\/centoshelp.org\/resources\/commands\/linux-system-commands\/\" target=\"_blank\">by clicking here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Each user has, in addition to their folder in \/home, their own workspace, accessible in \/workspace\/$USER<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>\/<strong>home\/$USER<\/strong>: <strong>do not store your files in this directory.<\/strong>  <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul><li><strong>\/workspace\/$USER<\/strong>: this is where you should store your files, or in the shared workspace for your project (read below). <\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Users of the same group are also granted access to a shared directory into \/workspace\/group_name. To know which group(s) you belong to, use the <strong>groups<\/strong> command.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is no storage limit for the \/workspace folder. However, you are asked to store only the files that are useful for your computations. Files that are not used anymore must be transferred to your own storage systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Important:<\/strong> the center does not make any backup of your data. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Two text editors are available on the cluster: <strong>nano <\/strong>and <strong>vim<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Transfer_files_between_Azzurra_and_your_computer_or_a_server\"><\/span>Transfer files between Azzurra and your computer or a server<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Using_FileZilla\"><\/span>Using FileZilla<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>To transfer your files from your computer to Azzurra, you can use FileZilla: <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\"https:\/\/filezilla-project.org\/download.php?type=client (s\u2019ouvre dans un nouvel onglet)\" href=\"https:\/\/filezilla-project.org\/download.php?type=client\" target=\"_blank\">https:\/\/filezilla-project.org\/download.php?type=client<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once FileZilla is installed, make sure you are connected to an authorized network (your office&rsquo;s or the dedicated VPN) and fill in the fields in FileZilla as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse\"><strong>Host<\/strong>: login-hpc.univ-cotedazur.fr\n<strong>Username<\/strong>:  your azzurra username\n<strong>Port<\/strong>: 22 <\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>If you use Windows, you need to do the following in order to make your SSH key work with FileZilla:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1\/ Follow this procedure to create a .ppk file: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.simplified.guide\/putty\/convert-ssh-key-to-ppk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/www.simplified.guide\/putty\/convert-ssh-key-to-ppk<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2\/ Open FileZilla &gt; File &gt; Site manager &gt; Create new site (you can name it \u201cAzzurra\u201d) &gt; Pick SFTP as protocol, Host: login-hpc.univ-cotedazur.fr Port: 22, Authentication type: key file, User: your Azzurra username, Key file: the .ppk you created at step 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Then you\u2019ll be able to connect by clicking on the arrow attached with the \u201cOpen site manager\u201d button (at the top left corner, under \u201cFile\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Using_rsync\"><\/span>Using rsync<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>rsync is a standard command line tool on Linux. In particular, it allows incremental synchronization, which is practical for transferring large data, and uses a protocol other than FTP \/ SFTP. <a href=\"https:\/\/linux.die.net\/man\/1\/rsync\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" aria-label=\" (s\u2019ouvre dans un nouvel onglet)\">See more information on this link.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Here is an example of a command you can run from a terminal on your personal computer to transfer data to the cluster:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse\"><code>rsync -a --progress path_on_local_machine\/ username@login-hpc.univ-cotedazur.fr:path_to_azzurra_folder\/<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>On Azzurra, from the <strong>login-hpc<\/strong> node, you can initiate transfers both from Azzurra to another machine and from another machine to Azzurra. Simply adapt the <code>rsync<\/code> command, which always follows the format: <code>rsync {SOURCE} {DESTINATION}<\/code>. You can therefore transfer data to or from a server, <strong>provided that login-hpc.univ-cotedazur.fr has been authorized to connect to the other server<\/strong> (this must be requested from the administrator of the other server).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Example: Transferring from another server to Azzurra. The following command must be initiated on <strong>login-hpc<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-verse\"><code>nohup rsync -avP -e \"ssh -o BatchMode=yes\" user@serveur.unice.fr:\/home\/user\/data \/workspace\/toto\/test &gt; \/workspace\/toto\/logtest.log 2&gt;&amp;1 &amp;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>In this example:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul><li>The user is connected to <strong>login-hpc<\/strong> (Azzurra).<\/li><li>They are launching a transfer from <strong>serveur.unice.fr<\/strong>, where their username is <code>user<\/code>.<\/li><li>The source is the folder (or file) <code>\/home\/user\/data<\/code> on the external server.<\/li><li>The destination is the folder <code>\/workspace\/toto\/test<\/code> on Azzurra.<\/li><li><strong>Logs:<\/strong> Transfer logs are written to <code>\/workspace\/toto\/logtest.log<\/code> (refer to this file to check if the transfer succeeded).<\/li><li><strong>Persistence:<\/strong> The <code>nohup<\/code> command allows you to close your user session on Azzurra without worry; if the transfer is long, it will continue running in the background.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Via_a_bastion_host\"><\/span>Via a bastion host<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Local -> Remote:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>rsync -avz -e \"ssh -J username@bastionxx.unice.fr\" \/path\/to\/local\/my_folder\/ username@login-hpc.univ-cotedazur.fr:\/path\/to\/remote\/\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Remote -> Local:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>rsync -avz -e \"ssh -J username@bastionxx.unice.fr\" username@login-hpc.univ-cotedazur.fr:\/path\/to\/remote\/my_folder\/ \/path\/to\/local\/\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Note:<\/strong> Replace <code>bastionxx.unice.fr<\/code> with the address of your bastion \/ gateway.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You can also configure the jump transparently in your local SSH configuration file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Open (or create) the <code>~\/.ssh\/config<\/code> file on your local machine and add the following lines:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>Host bastionxx.unice.fr\n    User your_bastion_username\n\nHost azzurra\n    HostName login-hpc.univ-cotedazur.fr\n    User your_azzurra_username\n    ProxyJump bastionxx.unice.fr\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Note:<\/strong> Replace <code>bastionxx.unice.fr<\/code> with the address of your bastion \/ gateway.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Then, to transfer files, simply run:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code>rsync -avz \/path\/to\/local\/my_folder\/ azzurra:\/path\/to\/remote<\/code><\/pre>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How to connect to Azzurra Your credentials are sent to you by e-mail. From February 2023, password authentication is disabled. Only SSH keys are allowed. CLICK HERE FOR ANY QUESTION ABOUT SSH KEYS You can connect from your office (provided &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":552,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/550"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=550"}],"version-history":[{"count":56,"href":"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/550\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3390,"href":"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/550\/revisions\/3390"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/552"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/calculs.univ-cotedazur.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=550"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}